Mobile crisis notification systems, including apps such as NINA, have been shown around the world to be successful in alerting the public to disasters. Activists in certain countries such as Afghanistan, especially since the Taliban takeover, face unique threats such

This thesis addresses the feature of "app camouflage," which is an approach to mitigate digital surveillance and censorship, particularly in contexts where individuals may be at risk of violence or other harm. The growing number of individuals with internet access